Upgrade Ubuntu from CLI

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LucidUpgrades

Network Upgrade for Ubuntu Servers (Recommended)

1.

Ensure you're up to date with latest release:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

2.

Install update-manager-core if it is not already installed:

sudo apt-get install update-manager-core

3.

edit /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades and set Prompt=lts

Note: The minumum contents of /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades should be

[DEFAULT]
Prompt=lts

1.

Launch the upgrade tool:

sudo do-release-upgrade

2. Follow the on-screen instructions.
3.

At the end of the upgrade process you will be required to restart the server in order to boot into the new kernel. If you do not have access to the console of the system you are upgrading, you may need to edit /boot/grub/menu.lst and change the default boot kernel to the newly installed 10.04 kernel. If this step is not performed your server may attempt to boot into the 8.04 LTS kernel and will hang.

Tips - Monitor turn off on laptops

To turn you monitor off on your:
MacBook pro press Shift-Control-Eject. (eject is the cdrom eject button)
IBM ThinkPad T42 press FN-F3

Exchange remote connectivity analyzer

https://www.testexchangeconnectivity.com/default.aspx#&&/wEXAQUBcwUBM6hsZ7Mm/gYiLf3f68Q6JkwLY9BI

using the mail command

To test postfix mail routing, use the mail command.

make sure mailutils is already installed

to send a message type:
mail -s (enter)
someone@home.com (enter)
(enter)
this is a test (enter)
control-d to send message
or
control-c twice to cancel message

Example:
mail -s testing
To: someone@home.com
CC:
This is a test of my postfix install/routing
^d

Set time on windows

To set the system on windows

net time \\ntp server /set /y

AD userAccountControl values

Here are the values/descriptions for the AD attribute for userAccountControl

512 - Enable Account
514 - Disable account
544 - Account Enabled - Require user to change password at first logon
4096 - Workstation/server
66048 - Enabled, password never expires
66050 - Disabled, password never expires
66080 - Enabled, DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWORD - PASSWD_NOTREQD
262656 - Smart Card Logon Required
532480 - Domain controller


1 - script
2 - accountdisable
8 - homedir_required
16 - lockout
32 - password_not_reqd
64 - password_cant_change
128 - encrypted_text_pwd_allowed
256 - temp_duplicate_account
512 - normal_account
2048 - interdomain_trust_account
4096 - workstation_trust_account
8192 - server_trust_account
65536 - dont_expire_password
131072 - mns_logon_account
262144 - smartcard_required
524288 - trusted_for_delegation
1048576 - not_delegated
2097152 - use_des_key_only
4194304 - dont_req_preauth
8388608 - password_expired
16777216 - trusted_to_auth_for_delegation

How to read binary files

To read binary .gz files use the "zless" command.
Example:
$ sudo zless /var/log/mail/info.1.gz | grep -i someone@email.com

show apps that are using an Internet connection

Thanks to commandlinefu (http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/3543/show-apps-that-use-internet-connection-at-the-moment.)

To show a list of applications using an Internet connection, use the following commands:

$ lsof -P -i -N | cut -f l -d " " | uniq | tail -n =2 (only shows name of app)
or
$ lsof -P -i -n (shows more info, cleaner look imo)
or
$ ss -p (same result, less clean)
for one line per process:
$ ss -p | cat
for established sockets only:
$ ss -p | grep STA
for just process names:
$ ss -p | cut -f2 -sd\"
or
$ss -p | grep STA | cut -f2 -d\"

How to filter messages by Subject in Postfix

In Postfix in the main.cf file there is an entry for “header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks”

Under /etc/postfix/ edit the header_checks file
Here is an example of a header_checkes file with a filter:
##############################################
/^Subject:.*canceled: local event error/ DISCARD
/^Subject:/ WARN
##############################################
The line /^Subject:.*canceled: local event error/ DISCARD - will deleted without notice to the sender or sending server and log the action in the log file.

The line /^Subject:/ WARN will write the Subject of each message to the log file. This is handy when trying to find a specific message.

Wine Notes / list of wines I like.

This will be an open ended entry. My hope is to keep my notes and a list of wines I really enjoyed. I have tried some other sites, but I think I would like a "1 stop shop" for all my notes, tech or otherwise. Only time will tell if this will work.

On 5/17/09
Opened a Cooper Hawk Cabernet Tannet. Was told it was a bold, heavy wine. My description is very smooth and easy to drink. I will def. buy this wine again. I was thinking about canceling my subscription, but the last 3 wines I have had, completely changed my mind. I will keep it up for a while longer and re-evaluate...

Other Cooper Hawk wine I like is Chardonnay Viognier. This was crisp and smooth. A perfect balance between sweet and dry for me. I would love this wine on a warm spring/summer day. I would def. buy this wine again.

I got some cheese from the NL farmers market and it pairs perfectly with the cabernet tannat. I will have to get the name at the next farmers market.

On 6/24/09
Its currently 95 degrees outside and I needed to cool off, so I opened a bottle of wine that has been sitting in my fridge for about 2 month. Its a Coopers Hawk Chenin Blanc. First thoughts as I poured it into a glass, super light, very clear, almost as clear as water. First thoughts on taste, very easy to drink. Might be too cold to get a good judgement. A bit dry on the back end. Short finish. Waited about 15 min and let it warm up a bit and aired it out. Not much changed on the taste. Still very good. I was planning on having some cheese and crackers with it, but now I wish I had a fresh fruit as it feels like this would be a good combination. Not sure I would buy again, only because there are other whites that I like better, but I would like a glass of this before or after a nice dinner at Coopers Hawk.

Updating time in Ubuntu

To manually update the time in ubuntu run the following command:
#sudo ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com

This will update the time from the Ubuntu servers

Postfix enable Subject for logging

To enable logging of the "Subject:" information feature in Postfix, you need to modify the "header_checks" file in the main.cf file.

To create a file use this:
"regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks".

main.cf entry = "header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks"

Once that file is created, you need to modify the file by adding:
"/^Subject:/ WARN"

This will add the Subject text to the info or mail.info log file. You can then grep based on the subject text.

SNMPwalk commands

snmpwalk -v 1|2c|3 -c public IP

example:

snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 127.0.0.1
or
snmpwalk -v 1 -c public 127.0.0.1
or
snmpwalk -v 3 -c public 127.0.0.1

Dual Monitor Config with NVidia and Ubuntu

To get dual monitors working under Ubuntu with NVidia drivers make the following changes to your xorg.conf file

Under the heading of "Screen" add the following:
Option "TwinView"
Option "1280X1024 280X1024"

Save this and restart X.

You will not have 2 monitors.

http://www.ubuntugeek.com/dual-monitors-with-nvidia.html

Sample xorg.conf after change:

Section "Screen"
Identifier "Default Screen"
Monitor "Configured Monitor"
Device "Configured Video Device"
DefaultDepth 24
Option "TwinView"
Option "1280X1024 1280X1024"
EndSection

Command line Kung-Fu

Great list of windows command line options
http://synjunkie.blogspot.com/2008/03/basic-dos-foo.html

Update firefox on Ubuntu

run the following command to enable the " check for updates" option under help:

$ gksudo firefox

Now you can update firefox under Ubuntu.

Public Free DNS servers

Thanks to http://www.tech-faq.com/public-dns-servers.shtml

Public DNS Servers

Level 3 Communications (Broomfield, CO, US)

4.2.2.1
4.2.2.2
4.2.2.3
4.2.2.4
4.2.2.5
4.2.2.6

Verizon (Reston, VA, US)

151.197.0.38
151.197.0.39
151.202.0.84
151.202.0.85
151.202.0.85
151.203.0.84
151.203.0.85
199.45.32.37
199.45.32.38
199.45.32.40
199.45.32.43

GTE (Irving, TX, US)

192.76.85.133
206.124.64.1

One Connect IP (Albuquerque, NM, US)

67.138.54.100

OpenDNS (San Francisco, CA, US)

208.67.222.222
208.67.220.220

Exetel (Sydney, AU)

220.233.167.31

VRx Network Services (New York, NY, US)

199.166.31.3

SpeakEasy (Seattle, WA, US)

66.93.87.2
216.231.41.2
216.254.95.2
64.81.45.2
64.81.111.2
64.81.127.2
64.81.79.2
64.81.159.2
66.92.64.2
66.92.224.2
66.92.159.2
64.81.79.2
64.81.159.2
64.81.127.2
64.81.45.2
216.27.175.2
66.92.159.2
66.93.87.2

Sprintlink (Overland Park, KS, US)

199.2.252.10
204.97.212.10
204.117.214.10

Cisco (San Jose, CA, US)

64.102.255.44
128.107.241.185

check rDNS

3 options to check rDNS

To test IP of 100.100.100.1

1) dig -x 100.100.100.1
2) host 100.100.100.1
3) nslookup 100.100.100.1

To test with specific DNS servers:
1) dig @dns_server_ip -x IP_of_server_to_lookup

Linux Permissions simplified for me

r = Read permissions = 4
w = Write permissions = 2
x = Excute permissions = 1

Total = 7

3 parts to permissions:

Part 1 = User
Part 2 = Group
Part 3 = World

So "rw-r--r--" = 644
and "rwx-r--r--" = 744
and "rwxrwxrwx" = 777
and "rwxr-xr-x" = 755

Create Random password

Linux and Mac-
Type:

$openssl rand -base 64 6

the last digit "6" will be the length of the password.